木桶是用木材加工成的圆桶状的容器，广泛用于以前人类日常生活当中。按用途分为许多种类：用来挑水用的是水桶，一般采用轻质杉木加工而成。因为杉木不变形，材质适中，利于刨刮加工：用于装油漆的是油桶，但油桶加工工艺要求较高，要求壁薄而轻巧又耐用：用于工地装沙石混凝土材料的是灰桶，要求不高，还有用于农村打米用的米桶：还有古代用于取暖用的坐桶。要求工艺相当高，已经很少有人加工生产了：以上这些八十年代后慢慢退出了市场。

A wooden barrel is a cylindrical container made from wood and widely used in human daily life in the past. There are many types according to their uses: buckets are used to carry water, usually made of lightweight cedar wood. Because cedar wood does not deform and has a moderate material, it is conducive to scraping and processing: oil drums are used for painting, but the processing technology of oil drums requires high requirements, such as thin walls, lightweight, and durable; ash drums are used for sand, gravel, and concrete materials on construction sites, with low requirements. There are also rice drums used for rural rice harvesting, and ancient seat drums used for heating. The requirements for craftsmanship are quite high, and there are few people processing and producing them anymore: these gradually withdrew from the market after the 1980s.

用来装酒的称为酒桶，一般采用橡木桶储存葡萄酒，可以让葡萄酒充分汲取橡木所含有的鞣花酸单宁、香兰素等精华，并可利于葡萄酒有控制、有节奏的氧化成熟。世界的法兰西、意大利等国的酒庄葡萄酒均采用橡木桶陈酿而成，也就是我们今天看到的内容。

The barrels used to hold wine are called wine barrels. Generally, oak barrels are used to store wine, so that wine can fully absorb the essence of ellagic acid tannins, vanillin, etc. contained in the oak, and it is conducive to the controlled and rhythmic oxidation and maturation of wine. The top winery wines from world-renowned countries such as France and Italy are all aged in oak barrels, which is what we see today.

由于橡木桶的造价较高，加之葡萄酒橡木桶储存的目的是汲取像木中的有益成分，以提高葡萄酒的质量，如果橡木桶的维护不当，橡木质量变坏，不仅会造成资源的浪费，而且会给储存于其中的葡萄酒的质量造成不可挽回的损失。

Due to the high cost of oak barrels, and the purpose of storing wine in oak barrels is to extract beneficial components from the wood, in order to improve the quality of the wine. If the oak barrels are not properly maintained, the quality of the oak will deteriorate, not only causing waste of resources, but also irreparable damage to the quality of the wine stored inside.

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